Аналіз енергоефективності тягових електродвигунів магістральних електровозів

V. M. Kovalov

doi:10.15802/stp2026/352326

Authors

V. M. Kovalov National Aerospace University «Kharkiv Aviation Institute», Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5817-8790

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15802/stp2026/352326

Keywords:

electric locomotive, traction motor, thyristor rectifier, ripple coefficient, efficiency coefficient

Abstract

Purpose. The energy efficiency of traction electric motors of mainline electric locomotives with a supply voltage of 25 kV is characterized by the efficiency factor (EFC). Traction motors are powered by a multi-arm single-phase half-controlled thyristor rectifier, the arms of which are connected to separate sections of the traction transformer. The purpose is to determine the influence of the current ripple coefficient on the efficiency of the motor. Methodology. The efficiency determination methodology is based on the law of energy conservation, methods of harmonic analysis and computer modeling to obtain the dependences of the armature current ripple coefficient on the thyristor control angle, armature circuit inductance and load current. Finding. An analytical expression for the efficiency of the motor with a pulsating armature current was obtained based on the calculation of relative electrical losses from the harmonic components of the current, which are equal to the square of the current ripple coefficient. A computer model was developed, based on which graphical dependences of the armature current ripple coefficient were obtained separately from the thyristor control angle, armature circuit inductance and load current. The results of the experiments were processed by the experiment planning method and an analytical expression was obtained for calculating the current ripple coefficient. The method for calculating the efficiency of a traction motor is as follows: for the given ohmic resistance and armature circuit inductance, load current and average thyristor control angle, the current ripple coefficient is calculated, the value of which is inserted into the expression for calculating the engine efficiency. Originality. The author improved the analytical expression for determining the efficiency of a DC motor when powered by a single-phase half-controlled thyristor rectifier, which, unlike the known ones, takes into account the armature winding current ripple coefficient. For the first time, an analytical dependence of the current ripple coefficient for a single-phase thyristor DC electric drive was obtained as a function of the thyristor control angle, armature circuit inductance and load current. Practical value. The analytical expression for determining the efficiency of a DC motor when powered by a single-phase half-controlled thyristor rectifier allows: 1) to calculate the load capacity of the motor by mechanical power on the shaft, taking into account the permissible heating by the effective value of the current with harmonic components; 2) to calculate the inductance of the smoothing reactor to increase the efficiency of the motor by reducing the current ripple coefficient.

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