Cylinder Block and Cylinder Liners of Internal Combustion Engines: Materials and Features of Defect Detection During Repair

Abstract

Purpose. The main goal of this study is to review and systematize the materials and defects of the cylinder block and cylinder liners of internal combustion engines (ICE), as well as to analyze the issues and current trends in defect detection during repair. Methodology. The main problems currently associated with the defect detection of cylinder blocks and liners of ICEs include the following: the rapid growth of motorization, which leads to an increase in the number of cylinder blocks and liners requiring defect inspection; the use of manual labor, which makes the defect detection process labor-intensive and costly; the need for classification of defect types and their automatic recognition; the consideration of operating conditions influencing defect development; the necessity of implementing new defect detection processes; the need for quantitative wear assessment and prediction of component residual life; the adaptation of inspection methods and evaluation criteria to new materials. The study employs the following research methods: theoretical analysis (classification, systematization), review and synthesis of known scientific results, and empirical methods (comparison, observation). Findings. The authors conducted a review and systematization of structural materials and the main defects of cylinder blocks and liners of ICEs. The main issues in modern defect detection were identified as follows: insufficient process automation, low accuracy of visual and instrumental inspection methods, limited adaptability of existing inspection techniques to new materials, and the need for quantitative evaluation of component residual life. The development trends in defect detection systems are defined as the transition to automated and computerized inspection technologies, the creation of databases of typical defects, and the development of algorithms for predicting the residual life of components. Originality. The scientific novelty of this work lies in a comprehensive approach to analyzing structural materials, defects, and modern trends in defect detection of cylinder blocks and liners of ICEs. Materials used in component manufacturing have been systematized, a defect classification has been proposed, and the factors influencing wear intensity and defect formation have been identified. The trends in the development of defect detection systems have been established toward automation, increased sensitivity, and higher inspection accuracy. Practical value. The conducted analysis contributes to improving the efficiency of defect detection and repair processes of cylinder blocks and liners of ICEs, as well as to the development of informational databases of typical defects and the conditions under which they occur.