Influence of chemical compounds on the forming of electric ARC
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15802/stp2014/27359Keywords:
welding arc, arc length, power of electric current, chemical compoundAbstract
Purpose. The purpose of work is a comparative analysis of chemical compounds influence on the process of electric arc forming and condition of its burning. Methodology. Material for an electrode was a wire 3 mm in diameter of low carbon steel with contain of carbon 0.15%. As chemical compounds, which determine the terms of forming of arc welding were used kaolin; CaCO3 with the admixtures of gypsum to 60%; SiO2 and Fe – Si with the iron concentration to 50%. Researches were conducted at the use of direct electric current and the arc of reverse polarity. As a source of electric current the welding transformer of type PSO-500 was used. On the special stand an initial gap between the electrode and metal-plate was equal to 1–1.5 mm. The interelectrode interval was filled with the probed chemical compounds and it was formed an electric arc. In the moment of electric arc arise the values of electric current and the arc voltage were determined. After the natural break of electric arc, the final size of the gap between electrodes was accepted as the maximal value of the arc lengths. Findings. In the conditions of experiment the metal transfer in interelectrode interval corresponded to the drop mechanism. According to external characteristics the ratio between the maximal arc length and the power of electric discharge has the appearance of exponential dependence. Specific power of electric arc characterizes environment of interelectrode interval in the moment of arc forming per unit of its length. Originality. 1. On the basis of influence analysis of the studied chemical compounds on the formation processes of electric arc inversely proportional relationship between the power of the electric current and the maximum arc length to the moment of its natural break is defined. 2. The ratio between the maximal arc length and the power of electric current with sufficiently high correlation coefficient is subjected to the exponential dependence. Influence of the studied compounds on the process of electric arc forming is determined using the degree values of the obtained ratio. 3. The value of specific power of electric current in the moment of electric arc forming per unit of its length can be accepted as the parameter, which characterizes the environment in the interelectrode interval. Practical value. In the conditions of identical adjusting strength of electric current it is determined the gradation of the studied chemical compounds in the order of increase of their influence on the process of the arc burning. Kaolin has the minimum influence and Fe – Si – the maximal one.
References
Vakulenko І.O., Sokirko V.A., Baskevych O.S. Strukturni peretvorennia v metali zaliznychnoho kolesa pislia dii impulsiv elektrychnoho strumu [Structural transformations in the railway wheel metal after electric current impulses]. Vіsnyk Dnіpropetrovskoho natsіonalnoho unіversitetu zalіznychnoho transportu іmenі akademіka V. Lazariana [Bulletin of Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport named after Academician V. Lazaryan], 2012, issue 42, pp. 160-163.
Vakulenko I.A., Bolshakov V.I. Morfologiya struktury i deformatsionnoye uprochneniye stali [Structure morphology and the work-hardening]. Dnipropetrovsk, Makovetskiy Publ., 2008, 196 p.
Krivtsun I.V., Demchenko V.F., Krikent I.V. Model protsessov teplo-, masso- i elektroperenosa v anodnoy oblasti i stolbe svarochnoy dugi s tugoplavkim katodom [Model of heat, mass and electrical transfer in the anode region and the welding arc column with heat-proof cathode]. Avtomaticheskaya svarka − Automatic Welding, 2010, no. 6, pp. 3-11.
Leskov G.I. Elektricheskaya svarochnaya duga [Electric welding arc].Moscow, Mashinostroyeniye Publ., 1970. 336 p.
Zhukov M.F., Kozlov N.P., Pustogarov A.V. Prielektrodnyye protsessy v dugovykh razryadakh [Near-electrode processes in the electric arcs].Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ., 1982. 157 p.
Olshanskiy N.A. Svarka v mashinostroyenii. Tom 1. [Welding in mechanical engineering. Vol. 1.].Moscow, Mashinostroyeniye Publ., 1978. 504 p.
Shcherbakov I.P., Churayev D.V., Svetlov V.N. Issledovaniye izmeneniya submikrorelyefa poverkhnosti mednykh obraztsov pri propuskanii po nim impulsov elektrichekogo toka bolshoy plotnosti [Investigation of submicrorelief change of the copper samples surface during the electric current pulse advancing of high density]. Zhurnal tekhnicheskoy fiziki – Journal of Technical Physics, 2004, vol. 74, issue 4, pp. 139-142.
Boulos M.I., Fauchais P., Pfender E. Thermal plasmas: Fundamentals and applications. Vol. 1.New York;London, Plenum press Publ., 1997. 454 p.
Vakulenko I.A., Nadezdin Yu.L., Sokirko V.A. Electric pulse treatment of welding joint of aluminum alloy. Nauka ta prohres transportu. Vіsnyk Dnіpropetrovskoho natsіonalnoho unіversitetu zalіznychnoho transportu – Science and Transport Progress. Bulletin of Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport, 2013, no. 4 (46), pp. 73-82.
Hu J., Tsai H.L. Heat and mass transfer in gas metal arc welding. Pt I: The arc. Intern. Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2007, no. 50, pp. 833-846. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.08.025.
Wendelstorf J., Simon G., Decker I. Investigation of cathode spot behaviour of atmospheric argon arcs by mathematical modeling. Proc. оf 12th Intern. Conf. on gas discharges and their applications.Greifswald, 1997, vol. 1, pp. 62–65.
Tanaka M., Yamamoto K., Tashiro S. Metal vapour behaviour in gas tungsten arc thermal plasma during welding. Welding in the World, 2008, vol. 52, no. 11/12, pp. 82-88. doi: 10.1007/bf03266686.
Moore Ch.E. Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analysis of optical spectra. Washington, NSRDS – NBS 34 Publ., 1970, pp. 46-57.
Nestor O.H. Heat intensity and current density distributions at the anode of high current, inert gas arcs. Journal of Applied Physics, 1962, no. 33 (5), pp. 1638-1648. doi: 10.1063/1.1728803.
Zhu P., Lowke J.J., Morrow R. Prediction of anode temperatures of free burning arcs. Journal of Applied Physics, 1995, vol. 28 (7), pp. 1369-1376.
Sanders N.A., Pfender E. Measurement of anode falls and anode heat transfer in atmospheric pressure high intensity arcs. Journal of Applied Physics, 1984, vol. 55 (3), pp. 714-722. doi: 10.1063/1.333129.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright and Licensing
This journal provides open access to all of its content.
As such, copyright for articles published in this journal is retained by the authors, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). The CC BY license permits commercial and non-commercial reuse. Such access is associated with increased readership and increased citation of an author's work. For more information on this approach, see the Public Knowledge Project, the Directory of Open Access Journals, or the Budapest Open Access Initiative.
The CC BY 4.0 license allows users to copy, distribute and adapt the work in any way, provided that they properly point to the author. Therefore, the editorial board of the journal does not prevent from placing published materials in third-party repositories. In order to protect manuscripts from misappropriation by unscrupulous authors, reference should be made to the original version of the work.
